The Best Travel Guide for Panama

Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a transcontinental country in Central America and South America, bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the south. It is a melting pot of cultures, with a rich history influenced by indigenous tribes, Spanish colonization, and its strategic location as a bridge between two continents. The country's most famous feature, the Panama Canal, is a marvel of engineering that has played a pivotal role in global trade for over a century.

Before the arrival of Europeans, Panama was inhabited by various indigenous groups, including the Cueva, Guaymí, and Chocó. In 1501, Rodrigo de Bastidas became the first European to explore the Isthmus of Panama, and the region quickly fell under Spanish control. Panama City, founded in 1519, served as a crucial transit point for gold and silver being shipped from South America to Spain.

Panama remained under Spanish rule for over three centuries until it declared its independence in 1821 and joined the Republic of Gran Colombia. However, the union was short-lived, and Panama eventually seceded in 1903 with support from the United States. This paved the way for the construction of the Panama Canal, a monumental project that transformed global maritime trade by connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Today, Panama is a vibrant and dynamic country, known for its stunning natural beauty, diverse wildlife, and cosmopolitan capital city. The country has transitioned from its historical reliance on the canal to a more diversified economy, with tourism, finance, and logistics playing significant roles.

Panama's cultural heritage is a blend of indigenous traditions, Spanish colonial influences, and Afro-Caribbean elements. Music and dance are integral parts of Panamanian life, with colorful festivals and celebrations taking place throughout the year. The country is also known for its exquisite handicrafts, including the mola textiles created by the Guna people and the intricate pollera dresses worn during traditional folk dances.

Panamanian cuisine is a delightful fusion of flavors, reflecting the country's diverse cultural influences. Fresh seafood, tropical fruits, and staple ingredients like rice, beans, and plantains form the foundation of many dishes. Some must-try specialties include ceviche, sancocho (a hearty stew), and ropa vieja (shredded beef with vegetables).

This travel guide is designed to help you save both time and money on your trip to Panama. By providing you with all the essential information in one place, you can easily plan your itinerary, find the best deals on accommodations and transportation, and avoid costly tourist traps. So relax, enjoy the journey, and let this guide be your key to unlocking the wonders of Panama!

Panama offers a diverse range of activities and attractions for visitors of all ages and interests.

Here are 20 of the best things to see and do in this beautiful country:

1. Visit the Panama Canal:

Witness the marvel of engineering that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Take a boat tour through the canal and watch in awe as massive ships are raised and lowered through the locks. You can also visit the Miraflores Locks Visitor Center, which offers stunning views of the canal and informative exhibits on its history and operation. For a deeper dive, explore the Panama Canal Museum and learn about the challenges and triumphs of its construction.

2. Explore Casco Viejo:

Wander through the charming streets of Panama City's historic district, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Admire the colorful colonial architecture, with its balconies overflowing with flowers and wrought-iron details. Visit the Metropolitan Cathedral, a beautiful example of Spanish colonial style, and explore the many plazas and squares that offer a glimpse into Panama's past. In the evening, enjoy the vibrant nightlife with rooftop bars, live music, and delicious dining options.

3. Hike the Camino de Cruces Trail: Follow in the footsteps of Spanish conquistadors on this historic trail that once served as a vital route across the isthmus. The Camino de Cruces connected Panama City to Portobelo, facilitating the transport of gold and silver from South America to Spain. Today, you can hike sections of this trail, immersing yourself in the lush rainforest and discovering hidden waterfalls along the way.

4. Relax on the Beaches of Bocas del Toro: Escape to the Caribbean archipelago of Bocas del Toro, known for its pristine beaches, crystal-clear turquoise waters, and laid-back island vibes. Go snorkeling or diving in the coral reefs, teeming with colorful fish and marine life. Or simply unwind on the white-sand beaches, soaking up the sun and enjoying the tranquil atmosphere.

5. Island Hop in the San Blas Islands: Embark on a sailing adventure through the San Blas Islands, an archipelago of over 360 islands off Panama's Caribbean coast. This autonomous territory is governed by the Guna people, who have preserved their unique culture and traditions. Discover secluded beaches, snorkel in vibrant coral reefs, and experience the tranquility of island life.

6. Go Whale Watching in the Pearl Islands: Witness the incredible spectacle of humpback whales during their annual migration from July to October. These majestic creatures come to the warm waters of the Pearl Islands to breed and give birth. Take a boat tour from Panama City or the islands and marvel at these gentle giants as they breach and play in the ocean.

7. Visit the Coffee Plantations of Boquete: Discover the origins of Panama's world-renowned coffee in the highlands of Boquete. This region's fertile volcanic soil and cool climate create the perfect conditions for growing high-quality coffee beans. Take a tour of a coffee plantation, learn about the meticulous process from bean to cup, and savor the rich aroma and flavor of freshly brewed Panamanian coffee.

8. Hike Volcán Barú: Challenge yourself with a hike to the summit of Volcán Barú, Panama's highest peak, reaching an elevation of 3,474 meters (11,398 feet). The challenging climb is rewarded with breathtaking panoramic views of the surrounding landscape, including both the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. You can choose to hike during the day or embark on a night hike to witness a spectacular sunrise from the top.

9. Explore the Rainforest in Soberania National Park: Immerse yourself in the incredible biodiversity of Soberania National Park, located just a short drive from Panama City. Hike the famous Pipeline Road, a renowned birdwatching spot where you can spot hundreds of species, including toucans, motmots, and tanagers. Visit the Panama Rainforest Discovery Center to learn more about the rainforest ecosystem and its inhabitants.

10. Go Whitewater Rafting on the Chiriquí River: Experience an adrenaline-pumping adventure on the Chiriquí River, known for its exciting rapids and stunning scenery. Join a guided tour and navigate the exhilarating whitewater, surrounded by lush rainforest and cascading waterfalls. This activity is perfect for thrill-seekers and nature lovers alike.

11. Visit the Emberá Village: Take a step back in time and learn about the indigenous Emberá people and their traditional way of life. Visit an Emberá village along the Chagres River and experience their rich cultural heritage. Take a dugout canoe ride through the rainforest, witness traditional dances and music performances, and learn about their unique crafts and customs.

12. Go Snorkeling or Diving in Coiba National Park: Discover the underwater wonders of Coiba National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a marine biodiversity hotspot. Explore vibrant coral reefs, encounter a wide variety of marine life, including sharks, rays, and turtles, and even have the chance to swim with whale sharks during the right season.

13. Visit the Anton Valley: Escape the hustle and bustle of the city and explore the tranquil Anton Valley, nestled in the crater of an extinct volcano. Relax in the natural hot springs, known for their therapeutic properties, visit the El Nispero Zoo, which houses rescued animals, and hike to the beautiful Chorro El Macho waterfall.

14. Explore the Ruins of Portobelo: Step back in time at the historic site of Portobelo, once a major Spanish port and a key player in the transatlantic trade. Discover the ruins of Fort San Lorenzo, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and learn about the city's fascinating history and its role in the Spanish colonial era.

15. Go Birdwatching in the Darién National Park: Venture into the remote and wild Darién National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a birdwatcher's paradise. This vast wilderness area is home to an incredible diversity of bird species, including many rare and endangered ones. Spot the magnificent harpy eagle, the colorful resplendent quetzal, and hundreds of other fascinating birds.

16. Visit the Biomuseo: Learn about Panama's incredible biodiversity at the Biomuseo, a fascinating museum designed by renowned architect Frank Gehry. Explore interactive exhibits that showcase the country's unique ecosystems, from rainforests to coral reefs, and discover the interconnectedness of life on Earth.

17. Take a Day Trip to the Panama Canal Railway: Enjoy a scenic train journey along the Panama Canal Railway, which runs parallel to the canal. This historic railway offers stunning views of the canal in action, as well as the lush rainforest and surrounding landscapes. Learn about the history of the railway and its important role in the canal's construction.

18. Experience the Nightlife in Panama City: Immerse yourself in Panama City's vibrant and diverse nightlife scene. The city offers a wide range of options, from trendy rooftop bars with panoramic views to lively clubs with pulsating music. Enjoy live music performances, dance the night away, or simply relax with friends and savor delicious cocktails.

19. Go Shopping at the Mercado de Mariscos: Experience the local culture and energy at the Mercado de Mariscos, Panama City's bustling fish market. Choose from a wide variety of fresh seafood, including fish, shrimp, lobster, and crab. Watch as skilled chefs prepare your chosen seafood to your liking, and enjoy a delicious and authentic meal.

20. Learn to Surf in Playa Venao: Catch some waves at Playa Venao, a renowned surf spot on Panama's Pacific coast. This beach is known for its consistent waves, making it ideal for both beginners and experienced surfers. Take a lesson from experienced instructors and enjoy the laid-back beach vibes.

For more adventures outside of the city, check out our article on the best day trips from Panama, where we suggest exciting destinations and how to get there.

Panama is definitely an amazing country as well as a year-round destination full of dynamic and diverse cities and cultures.

Here are some of the most incredible places to visit in Panama:

Panama is a relatively easy country to reach, with Tocumen International Airport (PTY) serving as the main gateway for international travelers. Located just outside Panama City, Tocumen Airport offers connections to major cities in North America, South America, Europe, and Central America.

By Air:

• Tocumen International Airport (PTY): This modern airport boasts a wide range of amenities, including duty-free shops, restaurants, and car rental agencies. From the airport, you can easily reach Panama City by taxi, Uber, or the Metrobus. The Metrobus is an affordable and efficient option, with a dedicated station at the airport.

By Land:

For those seeking an adventurous journey, Panama can also be reached by land from neighboring Costa Rica and Colombia.

• From Costa Rica: The most common border crossing is Paso Canoas, which connects the towns of David, Panama, and Ciudad Neily, Costa Rica. Regular buses operate between these towns, making it a convenient option for travelers.
• From Colombia: While there is no direct road connection between Panama and Colombia due to the Darién Gap, a dense and remote rainforest region, you can take a ferry from Colón, Panama, to Cartagena, Colombia. This scenic ferry ride offers a unique way to experience the Caribbean coastline.

Other Transportation Options:

• Cruises: Panama is a popular stop for cruise ships, with many itineraries including visits to the Panama Canal, Colón, and Bocas del Toro.
• Private Boats: If you're feeling adventurous, you can also reach Panama by private boat, sailing through the Caribbean Sea or the Pacific Ocean.

No matter how you choose to arrive in Panama, you're sure to be greeted by warm hospitality and a wealth of exciting experiences.

Panama offers a wide variety of accommodation options to suit every budget and travel style. Whether you're looking for a luxurious beachfront resort, a cozy guesthouse, or a budget-friendly hostel, you'll find plenty of choices throughout the country.

Panama City:

• Casco Viejo: This historic district is a popular choice for its charming atmosphere and proximity to many attractions. You'll find boutique hotels, restored colonial mansions, and trendy hostels in this area.
• El Cangrejo: This lively neighborhood offers a mix of hotels, apartments, and guesthouses, with easy access to restaurants, bars, and shops.
• Punta Pacifica: If you're seeking luxury and stunning ocean views, Punta Pacifica is the place to be. This modern area boasts high-end hotels and resorts with top-notch amenities.

Bocas del Toro:

• Isla Colón: The main island of Bocas del Toro offers a range of accommodation options, from overwater bungalows to budget-friendly hostels.
• Bastimentos Island: For a more secluded and eco-friendly experience, consider staying on Bastimentos Island, known for its pristine beaches and lush rainforest.

Boquete:

• Boquete Town: This charming mountain town offers a variety of hotels, guesthouses, and cabins, with easy access to coffee plantations and hiking trails.
• Volcán: For a unique experience, stay in a mountain lodge near Volcán Barú, offering stunning views and access to hiking trails.

Other Areas:

• San Blas Islands: Experience the unique culture of the Guna people by staying in a traditional cabaña on one of the San Blas Islands.
• El Valle de Antón: This peaceful valley offers a range of accommodation options, from cozy guesthouses to eco-lodges.
• Pedasí: This charming coastal town is known for its beautiful beaches and relaxed atmosphere. You'll find a mix of hotels, guesthouses, and vacation rentals in this area.

No matter where you choose to stay in Panama, you're sure to find a welcoming and comfortable place to call home during your travels.

Panama is generally a safe country for travelers, but it's always wise to be aware of your surroundings and take precautions to protect yourself and your belongings.

Here are some tips to help you stay safe during your trip:

General Safety:

• Be aware of your surroundings: Pay attention to your surroundings, especially in crowded areas or tourist hotspots.
• Don't flash valuables: Avoid displaying expensive jewelry, cameras, or large amounts of cash in public.
• Use common sense: Trust your instincts and avoid situations that feel uncomfortable or unsafe.
• Learn some basic Spanish: Knowing a few basic Spanish phrases can be helpful, especially in areas where English is not widely spoken.

Region-Specific Concerns:

• Panama City: While generally safe, petty theft can be a concern in Panama City. Be cautious of pickpockets, especially in crowded areas like markets and public transportation.
• Bocas del Toro: Be aware of scams targeting tourists, such as inflated prices or fake tours. Stick to reputable operators and negotiate prices beforehand.
• Darién Gap: This remote region bordering Colombia is known for drug trafficking and other illegal activities. It's generally not recommended for tourists to travel to this area.

Accommodation and Transportation Safety:

• Choose safe accommodation: Opt for hotels or guesthouses with good security measures, such as 24-hour reception and secure lockers.
• Use reliable transportation: Stick to licensed taxis or ride-sharing services like Uber. Avoid taking unmarked taxis or hitchhiking.
• Be cautious on public transportation: Keep an eye on your belongings and be aware of pickpockets, especially during rush hour.

Outdoor Activities:

• Hike with a buddy: When hiking in remote areas, it's best to go with a companion or join a guided tour.
• Be aware of wildlife: Panama is home to a variety of wildlife, including snakes and monkeys. Be cautious and avoid approaching or feeding animals.
• Swim in designated areas: Pay attention to warning signs and only swim in designated areas. Be aware of strong currents and riptides.

Health and Wellness:

• Drink bottled water: Avoid drinking tap water, as it may not be safe for consumption. Stick to bottled or purified water.
• Protect yourself from the sun: Use sunscreen, wear a hat, and stay hydrated, especially when spending time outdoors.
• Pack insect repellent: Mosquitoes can be a nuisance in Panama, especially in rainforest areas. Pack insect repellent to avoid bites.

Solo Female Traveler Tips:

• Stay in well-lit areas: Avoid walking alone at night, especially in poorly lit or deserted areas.
• Be assertive: Don't be afraid to say no or walk away from situations that make you feel uncomfortable.
• Connect with other travelers: Consider staying in hostels or joining group tours to meet other travelers and create a support network.

Emergency Resources and Travel Insurance:

• Emergency numbers: In case of an emergency, dial 911 for police, fire, or ambulance services.
• Travel insurance: It's highly recommended to purchase travel insurance that covers medical expenses, trip cancellations, and lost or stolen belongings.

By following these safety tips and using common sense, you can ensure a safe and enjoyable trip to Panama.

Getting around Panama is relatively easy, with a variety of transportation options available depending on your budget and desired level of comfort.

Domestic Flights:

For traveling longer distances within Panama, domestic flights are a convenient option. Air Panama is the main domestic airline, offering flights to various destinations, including Bocas del Toro, David, and the San Blas Islands.

Buses:

Buses are the most common and affordable way to travel around Panama. They connect major cities and towns throughout the country, offering frequent departures and comfortable seating.

• Panama City: Panama City has an extensive bus network, with routes covering most areas of the city. The Metrobus system is a modern and efficient option, with dedicated bus lanes and air-conditioned buses.
• Long-distance buses: For traveling between cities, you can find comfortable long-distance buses with reclining seats and onboard restrooms. These buses often have air conditioning and Wi-Fi, making them a pleasant way to travel.

Taxis:

Taxis are readily available in Panama City and other major towns. Be sure to negotiate the fare before starting your journey, as taxis are not typically metered. Uber is also available in Panama City, offering a convenient and reliable alternative to traditional taxis.

Rental Cars:

Renting a car can be a good option for exploring Panama at your own pace, especially if you plan to visit remote areas or national parks. However, keep in mind that road conditions can vary, and driving in Panama City can be challenging due to traffic.

Other Transportation Options:

• Ferries: Ferries are a popular way to travel to the islands of Bocas del Toro and the San Blas Islands. They also connect Panama City to Colón and other coastal towns.
• Water taxis: In Bocas del Toro and other coastal areas, water taxis are a common way to get around. They offer a convenient and scenic way to travel between islands and beaches.
• Bicycles: In some towns and cities, you can rent bicycles for getting around. This is a great way to explore at your own pace and enjoy the fresh air.

No matter how you choose to travel around Panama, you're sure to find a transportation option that suits your needs and budget.

Panama offers a range of travel experiences to suit various budgets, from budget backpacking to luxury getaways.

Here's a breakdown of typical costs to help you plan your trip:

Accommodation:

• Budget: Hostels and guesthouses: $10-30 per night
• Mid-range: Comfortable hotels: $50-150 per night
• Luxury: High-end resorts and boutique hotels: $200+ per night

Food:

• Budget: Street food and local eateries: $5-10 per meal
• Mid-range: Restaurants and cafes: $15-30 per meal
• Luxury: Fine dining establishments: $50+ per meal

Activities:

• Panama Canal tour: $20-150 depending on the type of tour
• Island hopping in San Blas: $150-300 per day
• National park entrance fees: $5-20
• Surfing lessons: $30-50 per hour

Transportation:

• Domestic flights: $50-150 per flight
• Buses: $1-10 per ride
• Taxis: $5-20 per ride within a city
• Rental car: $30-50 per day

Other Expenses:

• Souvenirs: $5-50+
• Drinks: $1-5+
• Tips: 10-15% of the bill is customary

Recommended Budgets:

• Backpackers: $30-50 per day
• Mid-range travelers: $75-150 per day
• Luxury travelers: $200+ per day

Tips for Saving Money:

• Travel during the off-season: You can often find better deals on flights and accommodation during the shoulder seasons (April-May and September-October).
• Stay in hostels or guesthouses: These offer budget-friendly accommodation options.
• Eat at local eateries: You can find delicious and affordable meals at local restaurants and street food stalls.
• Take advantage of free activities: Many attractions, such as hiking trails and beaches, are free to enjoy.
• Use public transportation: Buses are a cost-effective way to get around.
• Negotiate prices: Don't be afraid to negotiate prices, especially at markets and with taxi drivers.

By planning your budget carefully and taking advantage of money-saving tips, you can have an unforgettable trip to Panama without breaking the bank.

Panama enjoys a tropical climate with warm temperatures year-round. However, the country has two distinct seasons: the dry season (summer) and the rainy season (winter). The best time to visit Panama depends on your preferences and what you plan to do.

Dry Season (December to April):

• Weather: This is the peak tourist season, with sunny skies, low humidity, and little rainfall. Temperatures average in the mid-80s Fahrenheit (around 30 degrees Celsius).
• Activities: The dry season is ideal for outdoor activities like hiking, wildlife viewing, and exploring the islands. It's also a great time for water sports, as the seas are calmer.
• Considerations: Expect higher prices for flights and accommodation during this peak season.

Rainy Season (May to November):

• Weather: The rainy season brings increased humidity and frequent showers, especially in the afternoons. However, the rain usually comes in short bursts, and the sun often reappears.
• Activities: The rainy season is a good time to visit if you prefer fewer crowds and lower prices. It's also a great time for birdwatching, as many migratory birds arrive in Panama during this time.
• Considerations: Some hiking trails may be muddy or closed during the rainy season.

Specific Activities and Best Times to Go:

• Surfing: The best waves are found on the Pacific coast during the rainy season (May to November).
• Whale watching: Humpback whales migrate to the Pearl Islands from July to October.
• Birdwatching: The rainy season (May to November) is the best time to see migratory birds.
• Hiking: The dry season (December to April) offers the best conditions for hiking.
• Island hopping: Both the dry and rainy seasons offer good conditions for island hopping, but the seas are calmer during the dry season.

Regional Variations:

• Panama City: The city experiences a tropical climate with warm temperatures year-round. The rainy season is from May to November, with the heaviest rainfall occurring in October and November.
• Bocas del Toro: This Caribbean archipelago has a tropical climate with high humidity. The rainy season is from May to December, with the heaviest rainfall occurring in November and December.
• Boquete: This mountain town has a cooler climate than the lowlands. The rainy season is from May to November, with the heaviest rainfall occurring in October and November.

No matter when you choose to visit Panama, you're sure to have a memorable experience. By considering your preferences and the activities you plan to do, you can choose the best time to go and make the most of your trip.